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Marc Chagall was born Moishe Shagal (משה שאגאל - Shagal is a dialectal, North-Eastern Yiddish variant of the surname "Segal", an acronym of סגן לוי Segan Levi, meaning "Assistant Levite"); his name was rendered in the Russian language as Mark Zakharovich Shagalov.

Marc Chagall was born in Vitebsk Jewish quarter in Russia, the oldest of nine children in the close-knit Jewish family led by his father, a herring merchant Khatskl (Zakhar) Shagal, and his mother, Feige-Ite. Coming from a modest background, he grows up in a shtetel in Belarus. His childhood is impregnated with jewish traditions and religious culture (always found on his paintings). Vitebsk, a modest provincial town in White Russia (now Belarus), when about half of its population of 50,000 were Jews. Although there were several stone structures, most of the houses, especially in the poorer area where Chagall grew up, were built from timber. Small businesses proliferated. Domesticated animals were in backyards.

1906 Chagall studied painting in his native town in Yeouda Penn's studio, a jewish painter who teaches him the first elements of his painting. This period was difficult for Chagall — Jewish residents at the time could only live in St. Petersburg with a permit, and he was jailed for a brief time.

1907 Chagall leaves for St. Petersburg where he signs up for the Imperial School of Encouragements, which he leaves in 1908. Paintings: ‘’jeune fille au divan’’.

1909, he meets Bella Rosenfeld, daughter of a jeweler family, she is a student in Moscow. A deep and exclusive love begin between them right away.

1910 Painting ‘’Femme au bouquet de fleurs’’ and Painting ‘’Naissance’’.

1911 In St Petersburg, some art lovers start to get interested in his work. Thanks to the patron Vinaver, Chagall goes to Paris and settled in La Ruche where Modigliani, Jean-Paul Laurens, Fernand Léger are already living. He meets Max Jacob, André Salmon, Guillaume Apollinaire and Blaise Cendrars. He goes often to "La Palette" and "La Grande Chaumière" academies. Painting ‘’Dedie a ma fiancee’’.

1912 Chagall makes his first exhibition with some of his paintings at the "Salon des Indépendants". Painting ‘’le marchand de bestiaux’’.

1913 Chagall takes part of the "Salon d’Automne" in Berlin with new paintings.

1914 Chagall makes his first personal exhibition - only his paintings - in Berlin. This year, he makes a trip to Vitebsk to visit his family and his fiancée but the war prevents him from going back to France. 1914 Painting ‘’Jour de fete’’.

1915 Chagall marries Bella, their daughter will born one year later.

1917 Chagall is appointed Commission member for the Arts by Lounatcharsky, minister of art and culture in Russia, whom he met in Paris. Chagall became an active participant in the Russian Revolution of 1917 but he did not fare well politically under the Soviet system.

1919 Chagall dreams of making of his native town an artistic centre. Then he manages the new Vitebsk academy of art, opened on the 28th January 1919.

1920 Chagall left Vitebsk for good, and settles in Moscow where he meet Alexeî Granovsky, the manager of the Kamerny jewish theatre, where he designs the scenery.

1921 Chagall, in Moscow, with his family. Chagall teaches drawing art to war orphan.

1922 During summer, he leaves Russia and starts writing his autobiography "My Life".

1923 He goes back to Paris via Berlin and learns the engraving technique. In Berlin, with Bella and Ida, he finds his studio empty, all his paintings had disappeared. There were more than 150 paintings. They were sold during his absence by Walden. 1923 painting ‘’Le violon vert’’.

1926 The art dealer Vollard asks him to illustrate Gogol "Âmes mortes", La Fontaine's Fables, and then "The Bible" which gives him the opportunity to go to Palestine in 1931.

Chagall goes to Holland in 1932, Spain in 1934, Poland in 1935 and Italy in 1937.

1937 He becomes a French citizen. When World War Two breaks out, Chagall and his family takes refuge in Blois before joining André Lhote in Gordes in Provence, in the South of France. During a visit in Marseille, he is taken in a roundup, then released by order of the United States consul. Aware of the danger, he leaves France for New York via Spain.

1938 Painting ‘’La Crucifixion blanche’’.

1944 Bella dies. The next two years are very difficult. Lonely, Chagall settles in a little farm a few hours away from New York. Chagall goes back to work with difficulty.

1945 Chagall designs the costumes and the scenery for the Fire Bird (Oiseau de Feu) at the New York Opera House for Balanchine.

1948 After a short visit in Paris, in 1946, Chagall comes back to France for good.

In 1952, he marries Valentine Brodzky and settles in the south of France. He also does works for the State: wall decorating for the Jerusalem Parliament, a painting for the ceiling of Paris Opera House, wall painting for New York Opera House, but also stained-glass windows for Metz cathedral, Reims Cathedral and for the Synagogue of the Hadassah hospital in Jerusalem.

1953 Painting ‘’Le quai de bercy’’.

In 1970, a retrospective of his paintings takes place in the Grand Palais in Paris.

In 1973, his museum "Musée National biblique Marc Chagall" opens in Nice and consecrates his paintings.

1979 Painting ‘’ La Grande Parade’’.

He dies in 1985 in St Paul de Vence, he is 97 years old.

CDIM: 23 Beausejour 1206 CH - Geneva - Switzerland

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